Excluded Occupier Evictions

Lawful Removal from Temporary Housing

We assist landlords, housing providers and local authorities with structured, professionally managed attendance in matters involving excluded occupiers, once the legal position has been properly assessed and the case is ready to proceed.

These cases require judgment, control and a defensible process. Our role is to help instructing clients move forward with a clear operational plan, careful site attendance and documented reporting throughout.

Status reviewed before action Sensitive attendances managed properly Clear reporting and operational structure
Excluded occupier temporary housing attendance support by UK Bailiffs
Temporary Housing Operational Support

Sensitive matters approached with structure, control and professionalism

We support instructing clients in excluded occupier and temporary housing matters with calm, measured attendance, clear communication and a properly documented operational approach from the outset.

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01

Status Assessment

Careful review of whether the occupier’s position is properly being treated as excluded before attendance is planned.

02

Notice Position

Support with the practical notice stage and overall readiness of the matter before action is taken.

03

Sensitive Attendance

Attendance managed with professionalism, control and clear communication in what are often difficult circumstances.

04

Documented Approach

Clear reporting and a structured operational record to support defensible decision-making throughout.

Excluded Occupier Guidance

Status, Notice and Defensible Attendance

This page provides general operational guidance on matters commonly described as excluded occupier cases. It is not legal advice and should not be relied upon as a substitute for case-specific advice from a solicitor or other suitably qualified adviser. Each matter turns on its own facts, particularly the occupier’s status, the basis on which they entered, the notice position and the proposed method of recovery.

Why careful assessment matters

Whether an occupier is genuinely “excluded” must be assessed carefully. If an occupier is treated as excluded when they in fact have basic protection or tenancy rights, the matter may require possession proceedings and enforcement through the court process instead. Proceeding on the wrong basis creates obvious legal, reputational and operational risk.

Reasonable notice is also fact-sensitive. It will often reflect the payment period or occupation arrangement, but there is no single formula that safely applies to every case. The wording, service method, timing and surrounding facts should all be considered before any attendance is arranged.

Our process in suitable cases

1. Status review

We review the factual basis of occupation, the accommodation type, any agreement, the role of any local authority or housing provider, and whether the matter appears suitable to proceed on an excluded occupier basis.

2. Notice position

We consider whether notice has been given, whether its terms are clear, and whether the proposed timeframe appears appropriate on the facts presented.

3. Suitability to proceed

No attendance should be arranged unless the matter appears suitable to proceed, the factual basis is sufficiently clear, and the instruction is accepted on that basis.

4. Controlled attendance and reporting

Where appropriate, attendance is managed in a controlled and documented way, with clear communication and post-attendance reporting to support a defensible operational record.

Important warning

This process is not appropriate simply because an occupier has no tenancy agreement, is in temporary accommodation, or has been asked to leave. Status must be assessed properly.

What we do not do

  • Provide legal advice on disputed status questions
  • Proceed where the basis of occupation is unclear
  • Assume all temporary housing cases are excluded occupier matters
  • Present operational guidance as a substitute for legal advice

Before instructing

Have available any written agreement, details of entry, payment arrangements, property details, notice served, and any local authority correspondence or discharge documentation.

Where status, notice or protection is in doubt, legal advice should be obtained before any step is taken.


Occupier Status Guidance

What is an Excluded Occupier?

Most residential occupiers benefit from legal protection and cannot usually be removed unless the correct notice is served, the proper court process is followed, and possession is lawfully enforced.

However, there are recognised exceptions. Certain categories of occupier may be treated as excluded occupiers, meaning the usual possession process may not apply in the same way. The correct position must always be assessed carefully on the facts.

The categories below are commonly discussed in this context, but whether someone is genuinely an excluded occupier depends on the accommodation arrangement, the basis of entry, payment position, notice history and the wider factual background.

Categories commonly treated as excluded occupiers

  • Lodgers who share living accommodation with a resident landlord
  • Asylum seekers housed through Home Office arrangements
  • Temporary housed residents in council or hostel accommodation
  • People in emergency accommodation arranged by a local authority
  • Occupants living rent-free where payments do not amount to rent
  • People affected by a no right to rent notice
  • Holiday let occupiers in short-term accommodation

Even where a possession order may not be required, the notice position, occupier status and proposed method of recovery should still be reviewed carefully before any action is taken.

Download Full Fact Sheet

View the Shelter factsheet explaining rights and practical considerations.

View PDF Fact Sheet

Important warning

A person should not be treated as an excluded occupier simply because they are in temporary accommodation or have been asked to leave.

Facing Eviction?

Occupiers may contact their local council’s homelessness department.

Shelter: 0808 800 4444

Operational Approach

Service Scope and Instruction Process

About our service

We assist landlords, accommodation providers and local authorities in matters involving excluded occupiers and temporary housing, where the factual basis of occupation and the proposed route to possession have been properly considered.

Our role is operational and process-led. We focus on status assessment, notice position, suitability to proceed and controlled attendance in appropriate cases.

Our work typically includes

  • Status review: considering whether the occupier appears to fall within an excluded occupier framework
  • Notice position: reviewing whether notice has been given and whether the proposed position appears factually coherent
  • Document review: considering agreements, provider information, authority correspondence and relevant background documents
  • Attendance planning: arranging controlled attendance where the matter appears suitable to proceed
  • Post-attendance reporting: maintaining a clear operational record of action taken

Our process

  1. Initial review: the factual background, accommodation type and status position are considered
  2. Instruction stage: details are submitted using the instruction form Instruct Temporary Housing
  3. Document assessment: the relevant paperwork and notice position are reviewed
  4. Suitability decision: the matter is assessed to determine whether it appears appropriate to proceed
  5. Attendance: where suitable, attendance is managed in a controlled and documented manner
  6. Reporting: the client is updated and a clear operational record is maintained

Why clients instruct us

  • Experience with sensitive temporary accommodation and excluded occupier matters
  • A controlled, documented and operationally clear approach
  • Awareness of vulnerability, safeguarding and reputational risk
  • Process-led attendance rather than improvised action

Temporary Accommodation Guidance

When Can Occupiers Be Asked to Leave Temporary Accommodation?

Local authorities may in some circumstances require occupiers to leave temporary accommodation by giving reasonable written notice. This commonly arises where:

  • the occupier is in breach of the occupation terms
  • the relevant housing duty has come to an end
  • alternative or permanent accommodation has been secured

Important reminder

Continued occupation after notice may affect the availability of urgently needed accommodation for other vulnerable applicants awaiting placement.

Licences for homeless applicants

Local authorities may place applicants in temporary accommodation under licence arrangements. Where the relevant housing duty ends, the accommodation provider or instructing party may then consider the appropriate next steps for recovery of possession, depending on the occupier’s status and the notice position.

Legal protections and excluded occupier status

Applicants placed under the Housing Act 1996 may, in certain circumstances, fall outside the protection ordinarily associated with the Protection from Eviction Act 1977, including situations commonly arising under:

  • Section 188 — interim accommodation pending decision
  • Section 190 — accommodation for intentionally homeless applicants

In some of these cases, the occupier may be treated as an excluded occupier with more limited protection. That position should always be assessed carefully on the individual facts.

UK Bailiffs - Temporary Housing

Occupiers with basic protection

Where the authority owes a continuing duty to house and the arrangement attracts basic protection, possession should ordinarily be recovered through the court process. In those circumstances, a possession order is generally required.

What may qualify as a hostel

Hostel-style accommodation commonly involves shared facilities such as:

  • bathrooms
  • toilets
  • cooking facilities

Occupation is often under licence rather than tenancy, though the correct legal status should always be assessed on the facts.

This section provides general guidance only and should be read alongside the wider status, notice and protection analysis on the page.

Temporary Accommodation Guidance

Evicting Excluded Occupiers: Is a Court Order Required?

Court Orders UK Bailiffs

Related guidance and documents

Instruct Us for Excluded Occupier Matters Information for Police Officers Fact Sheet for Occupiers

These documents are provided for general information only. They do not replace case-specific legal advice, particularly where occupation status or eviction protection is disputed.

Whether a court order is required depends on the occupier’s legal status and the factual basis of the occupation. In suitable excluded occupier cases, possession may be recoverable without a possession order, but that position should never be assumed without first considering status, notice and the surrounding facts.

When a court order may not be required

Where the local authority or other provider no longer owes a continuing housing duty, the occupier’s licence has come to an end, and the case genuinely falls within an excluded occupier framework, possession may in some circumstances be recoverable without a possession order. That assessment must still be made carefully and on the facts of the individual case.

Excluded occupiers and eviction protection

The phrase excluded occupier is commonly used to describe a category of occupier who does not benefit from the full protection ordinarily associated with possession proceedings under the Protection from Eviction Act 1977.

However, that does not remove the need for a proper status assessment, an appropriate notice position where required, and a careful approach to any proposed attendance. These matters are highly fact-sensitive and should not be treated as automatic.

Where basic protection may apply

If the occupier has basic protection, or the arrangement is one that requires formal possession proceedings, recovery of possession should normally proceed through the court process.

Practical position

A temporary housing placement should not be treated as an excluded occupier matter simply because it is described as a licence or because a discharge of duty notice has been issued.

The correct approach is to assess the occupier’s status first, review the notice and supporting documents, and only then decide whether the matter can properly proceed.


Occupier Status Guidance

Other Types of Excluded Occupiers

It is not only temporarily housed individuals who may fall within an excluded occupier framework.

Excluded occupiers may also include lodgers, family members living rent-free, or individuals with no right to rent where the Home Office has issued the relevant notice. The correct position will always depend on the underlying facts and the legal status of the occupation.

Categories commonly treated as excluded occupiers

The following categories may fall outside the full protection ordinarily associated with the Protection from Eviction Act 1977:

  • People sharing accommodation with a resident landlord
  • Former trespassers granted temporary occupancy rights
  • People renting holiday lets
  • Individuals occupying accommodation rent-free
  • Asylum seekers in UKVI accommodation
  • Licensees in public sector hostels
  • People with no right to rent where the Home Office has served notice
Excluded Occupiers

Important Note

Always confirm the position with a solicitor or housing officer before attempting any eviction said to involve an excluded occupier.

Short-Term Let Enforcement

Dealing with Airbnb or Booking.com Overstayers?

When guests refuse to leave your Airbnb, Booking.com, or other short-term rental property, it disrupts your business and creates immediate operational pressure.

In many cases, guests occupying temporary accommodation may fall within an excluded occupier framework, meaning possession can potentially be recovered without the delays associated with standard tenancy proceedings. However, this must always be assessed on the facts.

Where we assist

  • Airbnb and Booking.com overstays
  • Holiday lets and serviced accommodation
  • Short-term rental disputes and access issues
  • Time-sensitive possession recovery situations

Our team provides a structured, legally informed approach, ensuring that any action taken is proportionate, compliant, and aligned with the actual status of the occupier.

Airbnb and Booking.com Logos

How it works

  • Assessment: We review the occupier’s status and supporting documents.
  • Notice: The correct notice position is established and actioned.
  • Attendance: Agents attend and manage the situation professionally.
  • Resolution: Possession is recovered in line with the agreed lawful approach.

Risk, Compliance and Conduct

Illegal Eviction and Use of Force

Illegal eviction

Local authorities have powers to investigate and prosecute unlawful eviction and related offences.

Police involvement may arise where an unlawful eviction is being committed or attempted, particularly where there is a breach of the peace, intimidation, harassment or unlawful exclusion from the premises.

Criminal liability can extend beyond the landlord and may also affect agents, contractors or any third party who participates in an unlawful removal.

Illegal eviction may also amount to a banning order offence under the Housing and Planning Act 2016, with potentially serious regulatory consequences for landlords and agents.

Use of force

Section 6 of the Criminal Law Act 1977 makes it a criminal offence, in many circumstances, to use or threaten force to secure entry to premises without lawful authority.

For that reason, any proposed attendance should be planned carefully, with the occupier’s status, the notice position, access arrangements and site risks all considered in advance.

Attendance should be approached with professionalism, control and awareness of vulnerability, particularly where families, health issues or safeguarding concerns may be present.

Where appropriate, occupiers should be signposted to relevant support services, and any action taken should be documented clearly.

A defensible approach includes dynamic risk assessment, clear communication with the client and a controlled operational record throughout the matter.

Before You Instruct

Unsure how to proceed?

Reach out to us by phone or email for a no obligation discussion, or use our interactive determination tool to review the position before moving forward.

We have substantial operational experience in matters involving temporary housing and excluded occupiers. Any guidance we provide will always be based on the factual information supplied to us.

Before instructing us, please review our Housing Evictions Terms & Conditions , which form part of any instruction accepted.

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Important

We are not legal advisers. Independent legal advice should be obtained, or the position confirmed with your housing officer or solicitor where appropriate.


** Our expertise lies in executing the eviction process efficiently and compliantly, rather than providing legal determinations. The reason we recommend independent legal advice in cases where there’s any uncertainty—however slight—is to ensure that you, as the landlord, are fully protected under the law. The definition of an excluded occupier can hinge on specific details (e.g., the terms of the agreement, the tenant’s circumstances, or even recent legislative changes), and a qualified legal professional can offer you definitive confirmation that aligns with your situation. This step is about safeguarding your interests, not about doubting your judgment.




Ready to Proceed

Instruction Form

If you would like us to review the matter for possible acceptance, this is the stage at which the instruction can be submitted.

Completing this form allows us to review the information provided and consider whether we are able to accept the instruction. No action is taken, and no obligation is created, unless and until this is confirmed with you.

Once submitted, the details supplied will be reviewed to determine whether the matter appears suitable to proceed under the applicable framework for excluded occupier matters.

Where necessary, further factual information may be requested before any instruction is accepted.

Our role at this stage is to assess the factual background, notice position and apparent suitability to proceed. We do not provide legal advice.

Further detail is set out in our Terms and Conditions.

Before you submit

  • Have occupier and property details ready
  • Include agreements, notices or correspondence
  • Provide clear factual background

Questions before submitting: help@ukbailiffs.org

Proceed to Instruction