Traveller and Trespasser Legislation
Landowners in the UK can remove trespassers under Common Law by instructing Enforcement Agents to serve notice and, if necessary, evict them using reasonable force—without needing a court order.
The Law Relating to Evictions
All landowners in England and Wales—whether the land is privately owned or managed by a local authority—have the legal right to remove trespassers from their property under either Common Law or through the Court system.
In 1907, Stanley Bond of Butterworths Law Journal enlisted Lord Chancellor Hardinge Giffard to produce an authoritative reference to the legal framework: Halsbury's Laws of England.
Halsbury’s Laws of England (Paragraph 1400, Volume 45, 4th Edition)
affirms:
“If a trespasser peaceably enters or is on land, the person who is in or entitled to possession may request him to leave, and if he refuses to leave, remove him using no more force than is reasonably necessary.”
The legal guidance remains relevant today. Enforcement Agents—formerly known as bailiffs—have the authority to enter land without notice and request that trespassers and travellers leave. If they refuse, they can be removed immediately without the need for a court order.
There are legal exceptions: Agents must not force entry by cutting locks or breaking doors if peaceful access is not possible.
Typically, agents will visit the site, serve legal notice on the occupants, and conduct a full risk assessment. They also identify potential hazards or legal concerns the landowner may not be aware of before taking further steps.
Reasonable Notice & Force
The term “reasonable” is one of the most subjective in English law—it is undefined and its interpretation often depends on perspective.
A first-time landowner might consider "reasonable notice" to be immediate, whereas a travelling family might argue that reasonable notice means having time to find an alternative site.
“Reasonableness” is generally interpreted through the lens of a well-informed, impartial third party with equivalent knowledge acting in the same conditions.
Experienced Enforcement Agents will base their judgement on the needs of the landowner, the health and safety of everyone involved, and the welfare of those occupying the land illegally.
Key judgement scenarios include:
- Should a removal be delayed if children are sleeping at 11pm?
- Is it acceptable to wait one hour if travellers are visibly packing to leave?
Similarly, reasonable force has no precise legal definition. It is assessed on a case-by-case basis, often relying on retrospective court decisions.
As best practice, most Enforcement Agents will allow a minimum of 2 hours for travellers to leave the site. If the group is non-disruptive, a window of up to 24 hours may be deemed reasonable.
Upsides & Considerations
The Upside
One of the major benefits of Common Law eviction is speed. An Enforcement Agent can attend the site immediately after the landowner gives instruction—no court application, no extended delays.
This rapid approach also lowers costs significantly compared to the court eviction process, making it a popular option for private landowners.
The Downside
There is no lasting legal remedy under Common Law if travellers return the following day. However, repeat incidents are rare, as swift action sends a strong deterrent message.
Other Considerations
Evictions from local authority-owned land require additional caution. Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) protects the right to family and private life.
Where children are involved, Enforcement Agents may need to coordinate with social services to ensure child safety and access to appropriate support services.
Each case must be assessed on its own facts, and sensitivity is essential when vulnerable persons are present.
Traveller Eviction FAQs
Contact A Recovery Specialist
Call 0330 133 1818
Email : Help@ukbailiffs.org