Traveller and Trespasser Legislation

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Bailiff legislation

Landowners in the UK can remove trespassers under Common Law by instructing Enforcement Agents to serve notice and, if necessary, evict them using reasonable force—without needing a court order.

The Law Relating to Evictions

All landowners in England and Wales—whether the land is privately owned or managed by a local authority—have the legal right to remove trespassers from their property under either Common Law or through the Court system.

In 1907, Stanley Bond of Butterworths Law Journal enlisted Lord Chancellor Hardinge Giffard to produce an authoritative reference to the legal framework: Halsbury's Laws of England.

Halsbury’s Laws of England (Paragraph 1400, Volume 45, 4th Edition) affirms:
“If a trespasser peaceably enters or is on land, the person who is in or entitled to possession may request him to leave, and if he refuses to leave, remove him using no more force than is reasonably necessary.”

The legal guidance remains relevant today. Enforcement Agents—formerly known as bailiffs—have the authority to enter land without notice and request that trespassers and travellers leave. If they refuse, they can be removed immediately without the need for a court order.

There are legal exceptions: Agents must not force entry by cutting locks or breaking doors if peaceful access is not possible.

Typically, agents will visit the site, serve legal notice on the occupants, and conduct a full risk assessment. They also identify potential hazards or legal concerns the landowner may not be aware of before taking further steps.

Reasonable Notice & Force

The term “reasonable” is one of the most subjective in English law—it is undefined and its interpretation often depends on perspective.

A first-time landowner might consider "reasonable notice" to be immediate, whereas a travelling family might argue that reasonable notice means having time to find an alternative site.

“Reasonableness” is generally interpreted through the lens of a well-informed, impartial third party with equivalent knowledge acting in the same conditions.

Experienced Enforcement Agents will base their judgement on the needs of the landowner, the health and safety of everyone involved, and the welfare of those occupying the land illegally.

Key judgement scenarios include:

  • Should a removal be delayed if children are sleeping at 11pm?
  • Is it acceptable to wait one hour if travellers are visibly packing to leave?

Similarly, reasonable force has no precise legal definition. It is assessed on a case-by-case basis, often relying on retrospective court decisions.

As best practice, most Enforcement Agents will allow a minimum of 2 hours for travellers to leave the site. If the group is non-disruptive, a window of up to 24 hours may be deemed reasonable.

Upsides & Considerations

The Upside

One of the major benefits of Common Law eviction is speed. An Enforcement Agent can attend the site immediately after the landowner gives instruction—no court application, no extended delays.

This rapid approach also lowers costs significantly compared to the court eviction process, making it a popular option for private landowners.

The Downside

There is no lasting legal remedy under Common Law if travellers return the following day. However, repeat incidents are rare, as swift action sends a strong deterrent message.

Other Considerations

Evictions from local authority-owned land require additional caution. Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) protects the right to family and private life.

Where children are involved, Enforcement Agents may need to coordinate with social services to ensure child safety and access to appropriate support services.

Each case must be assessed on its own facts, and sensitivity is essential when vulnerable persons are present.


Traveller Eviction FAQs

Got a question? We’re here to help.
  • Do I need a Court Order to remove Travellers?

    Under most circumstances you do not need a Court Order to evict trespassers from your land. .


    Under Halsburys Laws of England (Paragraph 1400) it states that ‘ If a trespasser peaceably enters land, the person who is entitled to possession may request him to leave; and if he refuses to leave may remove him from the land using no more force than is reasonably necessary’.



    There are some circumstances when a Court order may be required such as they have secured premises internally, but we'll be able to advise you on that 

  • Can I just pay the travellers to leave?

    As part of our anti-bribery and corruption policy, (see here) we  are unable to pay travellers or  trespassers to vacate and are unable to support a client who wants to do this.


    We would strongly recommend you do not pay illegal trespassers to leave as you are likely to see an increase in traveller activity at your site due to you being seen as a 'cash-cow' or easy target.


  • Can I remove the travellers myself ?

    As described above, you have a legal right to remove them yourself. However, as a landowner you are legally responsible for the welfare of any one occupying your land (legaly or not).


    We are trained and highly experienced in this. We are fully insured, experts in risk assessments, video enabled and trained negotiators.

  • Do you guarantee your services?

    No. But our likelihood of success is high. Over 15 years doing Traveller Evictions we estimate 97% are successfully concluded.


    Police, health and safety and welfare, and occasionally the instructing client are mainly responsible for the 3%

  • So, you just turn up and start removing everyone?

    No.  Most people from the travelling community are reasonable people and the majority are not criminally minded.


    We serve notice that they must leave immediately (or as agreed with you)


    We then give them reasonable time to vacate. Usually this is up to 2 hours.


    During this time, we monitor behaviour and ensure they are preparing to move.


    If they are being reasonable, we may negotiate extra time, however if they are non-compliant or refusing to leave then we will look at escalating the situation.

  • Do you carry out risk assessments?

    In line with the Health and Safety at Work 1999 legislation, you have a legal duty to assess risks and to protect the safety of everyone involved in the eviction process.


    We carry out a Generic risk assessment on first attendance and will then relay our recommendation back to you.  We will provide you immediately with our Agents report.  Throughout the eviction process, we will constantly reassess the eviction and modify our actions to manage any risks.

  • Are You Insured ?

    We hold Public liability, Public Indemnity and Employees Liability Insurance?



    Copies of which can be requested through our recovery manager

  • Do you provide security/clean up services

    Yes. We can provide security for the site (static / mobile or dog patrols) to ensure your land is secure overnight and we can arrange for contractors to attend to clean up the site if required. Just ask when you phone or request it on the on-line form

  • What do you charge?

    Prices start at £350 plus VAT

  • Why should we use you ?

    We only ever use Certificated Enforcement Agents to carry out evictions, a lot of companies now, unfortunately use un-trained security personnel.



    All of our agents are ; 


    self employed, 

    carry body worn CCTV equipment, 

    have a minimum 2 years experience in the industry,

    are trained negotiators

    have on-street and/or classroom training

    have successfully carried out evictions.

    Are regularly DBS and financially checked.

    We pay our Agents well above the national average meaning they want to keep working for us which motivates them to do the best job possible for you.



    We carry Public Liability, Indemnity and Employees Liability insurance to a minimum of £10 million in addition all Agents carry a personal bond of £10,000

  • Are there other options available to us?

    Yes. Below is a list of all current lawful methods for removing trespassers 



    Common law powers (This method)



    • can only be used by the landowner 


    • are used to regain possession of land; 


    • does not require the involvement of the courts; 


    • enforced by the landowner and Enforcement Agents where necessary; 


    • does not provide any sanctions offence for the return of trespassers onto land



    Part 55 Civil Procedures Rules 



    • can only be used by the landowner; 


    • is used to regain possession of land; 


    • requires attendance in Court; 


    • possession is enforced by county court bailiffs, where necessary; 


    • does not provide any sanctions for the return of trespassers onto land.



     


    Sections 77-78 Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 



    • can only be used by a local authority; 


    • can be used on any land within the local authority’s area, irrespective of ownership; 


    • is used to remove identified individuals from land; 


    • only require the involvement of the courts when unauthorised campers do not leave when directed to do so; 


    • possession is enforced by local authority officers or Enforcement Agents employed by the local authority; 


    • the return of unauthorised campers and/or their vehicles to the location within three months carries criminal sanctions.



     


    Sections 61-62 Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994



    • can only be used by the police; 


    • can be used on any land except the highway; 


    • is used to remove identified individuals and/or their vehicles from land; 


    • there must be two or more persons trespassing on the land before the power can be used; 


    • do not require the involvement of the courts;


    • possession is enforced by the police; 


    • the return of unauthorised travellers/ trespassers  to the location within three months carries criminal sanctions.




    Section 62A-E Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 



    • can only be used where an alternative site is available; 


    • can only be used by the police; 


    • can be used on any land; 


    • is used to remove identified individuals and/or their vehicles from the land; 


    • does not require the involvement of the courts; • possession is enforced by the police; 


    • the return of unauthorised travellers / trespassers to the local authority area within three months carries criminal sanctions.




    Government Guidance on Travellers 

  • I have more questions

    No Problem.  


    You can phone us on 0330 133 1818

    or email by clicking HERE


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Contact A Recovery Specialist

Traveller and Trespassers
Travellers and Trespassers

Call 0330 133 1818

Email : Help@ukbailiffs.org